hartley



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W'. G. HARTLBY. LOOM FOR WBAVING PILED FABRICS.

Pate'nted Apr, 9, 1867.

3 SheetswSheet 2 W. G. HARTLBY.

Loom PoR WBAVING PILED FABRICS.

No. 643,631. Patented Apr. 9, 1867.

.m `RN w N Y g RF l e 1 m s l 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

` W. GQHARTLEY. LOOM POR WBAVING FILED FABRICS,

No. 63,631. Patented Apr. 9, 1867.

j?? Tena? wf@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLTAM G. HARTLEY, QF SAXONVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT vIN .LOOMS FOR WEAVING'PILED FABRICS.

Specification forming pnrt of Letters Pnlont No. 63.63 l, daicdAprl 9,1861.

To @Zi whom, it may conce/fn.: Be it known thatl, WILLIMI (i. Hxnrnnv,of Sztxonvil-le, in the conntyot' Middlesex nud State oflliassnehnsetts, have invented ee'rtain Improvements in Looms forleaving Velvet Carpets, Plnshes, and other Fabrics of Cotton, XVoolen,or Silk, of which the following is efull, clear, and exnct description,ref erence being had to the accompanying drawings, makingpart offthisspecification, in whichl lligure` l is n perspeetive'riew of a. loomwith my improvements applied thereto. Fig. 2 is n longitudinal verticalsection through the center of the stime. Fig. Sisahorizontal scetio'nnon the line x as of Fig. 2. Fig. 4isa side elevation of themechanism by which the cloth beams are operated. Fig. 5 is a, plan'of myinto two pieces. Fig. 6 isn section ontheline 1/ y ofFig. 5. Fig. i is amodification of my invention. Fig. 8. represents one of my iniprovedwire .heddles detached.'

My invention relates particularly to certnin improvements in looms formanufacturing velvetsand other fabricswhieh are made double, to beafterward divided in two pieces; and my invention consists in n bill orguardiinger provided with n slit or opening for the recept-ion of nportion of the blade of a circular knife, which has a rotary motion, andalso movestrnnsversely across the pile of the fabric as it is fed in onepiece, after beingwoven, between guide-bars against the knife, the edgeof which, in connection with the two edges of the bill or guard-finger,serving (as. the tuftyarn is. drawn against th'eni) to produce acleenershearing cut and dividing the fabric into two smoother end moreperfectly finished pieces than where the cut is produced by theknife-edge acting in connection with the si ngle edge of a spring-blade;

My invention, furthern'iore, consists in an improved arrangement of themechanism for operating the eireulanknife and for sharpening the same.

To enable others skilled -in theart to understand and use my invention,I will proceed to describe the manner in which l. have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A is thel'ranie-work, in suitable bearingsattached to which runs the driving or cra-uk shaft li, one end off whichextends outside the :framework and enrries'e cog-wheel, (l,'( see Fig.1,) which gears with a eog-whecl, i), on one end of n shaft, E. theother end ofwhich bears n wheel, F, which engages with anothereog-wheel, G, upon n shaft, l'l, provided with four cams, al

I) are fonr levers 'whose Outer ends `are loosely pivoted at c to nplate or hanger, i, screwed to the frame, while their inner ends areconnected by cords or wires d to thelower ends of the harness-'frames JK, which are alternately lowered by the cams c striking; againstprojections e, formed en the upper sides ofthe levers From the sides ofthe upper portion of the frnmework rise the standards L, which areconnected et their tope by a crossbar, M, to `which are screwed theimproved knife for cutting the woven fabric bifurcn-ted plates N, whichform bearings for the ends ofthe shnftsfg to revolve in.

IL li are strips of lea-ther or belts, the upper ends of thc former, 71,being:r secured to the shaft fand their lower ends to the heddle-,frmnesJ, while the upper ends of the belts 'i are sel cured to the shalt 1;and their lowerends to' the heddleframes li, bywhieh construction asone, of ench'pairoffranies J K is lowered by the action of the cams aupon the levers I) the shnfts'f g are made to revolve and one pni'r ofthe belts hff are unwound, simultaneous with which the other twoheddle-frames J l( are. raisedby the winding of their belts aroundtlierevolving shafts. rLhe standards L, with their eross-herh, may beadjusted within the frame-work, should it be necessary to alter theposition of the heddle-frfunesJ K,by means ot' screwsj (seen dotted) andslots k, Fig. 2.

. In suitable bearings in theframe-work runs the warp-beam O, from-whichproceed two sets of bi nder werpt-breads, Z in, which are led over thewhip-rollers F to the back harness or heddle frames, Jl, and through theeyes n 0.0i'

the heddles p to the point where the fabric is being woven, each heddlebeing` provided with two eyes instead of one. The tension of thebinder-warps lm is regulated by a friction- Strap, Q, in a well-knownmanner.

Ris the beam upon which is wound the iuft-forming or pile yarn q, whichis first passed over n guidcroller, S, und then can ried down betweencontiguous threads of each of the two upper binder-warps,.l, und thencebent arms, its bearings` in the frame-work. After being under atension-roller, 'l, hung between two U, secured to a shaft, V, havingled under the tension-roller Tthe tnft-forming heddles a of the ot-herframe I To the outer ends of thelower portions 'v of the bent arms U aresuspended the weights W, which serve to keep th'e roller l constantlypressed against the tuft-yarns q, so as to i-nsure their equal tensionat all times and keep them. in a central position .between the two setsof biuder-warpslm.v A friction-strap, X,

'passes over thetuft or pile yarn beam R, oneend ofthe' strap beingattached to one of the whip-rollers P or a portion of theframe-work,

while the other end of the strap is connected `by a cord or'wire,.w, tothe outercnds of the portions@ of-,t-he bent arms U, to which theweights W' are hung, in order that, -asthe ten- 'sion-rollcr Tis mpvedin the direction of the arrow 10, lthe friction-strap X may be releasedfrom the beam R and the tuft-yarn let otffas required.

' The meehanisin by which the filling is introducedand the tutt-yarn qinterwoven withit and the binder-warps lm, will now be dcscribed. t i

Y are-connecting-rcds secured lo thefcrank- I shaftB and to, uprightposts Z, the lowertends of which-'arc fastened to a shaft, A', whichrest-s .in bearings a', and is allowed to rock` freely therein,' theupper ends of the posts Z being connected by a beam, Bwhich extends overbeyondthe sides of the frameworkto Aallow ot' rooml for the constructionot boxes C thereon. Each box C' is divided -into two compartments forlthe reception of two shutv ties, D', the lower one of which travels(over the lower warp, m) on a race formed by the top of the beam B', norace being vlprovided for the upper shuttle, the lower threadsof` theupper set of warps, Z, being drawn suhiciently tight to support it as itpasses over them. The

shuttles D', carrying the filling, Parc thrown simultaneously either inthe same or opposite directions byfmeans of pickers b', whichare madeseparate and independent of each other to allow of the shuttles beingregulated, as rc- 'quired,' to conform to the difference -in thcpositionof the shedJ' v The picker-sticks'are operated as follows: Inbearings'fE, secured to the insideof the framework, are placed theshafts F',-around each of which' is wound a spiral springc', one

. end of whichv is'sec'ured to the frame, while 4its other end isfastened to uprojection, non

the shaft Fat the'foot of 'an arm, ti', also-nttached to the shaft F.From the top of this arm G' projects a pin, e', around which is bent oneend ot' a rod or wire, f,tthe other end of which fits into a hole, g',made in along upright lever,- H', the lower .end of which fits looselyover a pin, h', projecting from the up-A pcr portion of a .co1lar, 1',1which surrounds the end'of the shaft A projecting outside theframe-work, thecollar l being confined to the shaft'A, and beingadjusted in place thereon by operating ascrew, t'. The upper end of eachof the leversH passes through its shuttlc-,box C and through the pickersb' within it'a longitudinallslot being formed in thc partition dividingthe siiuttle-eompartinents. and an opening being formed in each of thepickers b' to admit of this heilig done. Each shaft F'. is provided witha. conical projection, k', which is depressed by a cam, Z,'on the shaftE as it revolves, by which means the arm G" is t-hrown forward, carryingwith it the lever H' in the direction of the arrows11, the pickers bforcibly striking the shuttles D.

which are carried across in their respective paths between thebindenwarpsl m, the shall F', after being. relieved of the pressure'ofthe cam Ziupon its projection It', being returned to its normal positionby the action of the spiral spring c",'while the pickers Za' are left inthe outer ends of .the'shuttle-boxes, ready to beagain thrown forward onthe cam Z again striking the'projection `Fromthc cross-beam B' rise twostandards,

J', which are connected by a crosspiece,' `.K,'

between which and the cross-beam B is secured a metal frame containing aseries ol' parallel. flat strips or bars, j', which constitute the shedfor' beating up the filling.

L' is the breast-beam, to .each end of' which 'is screwed one end of abar, M', the other end of this bar being bent'up-at right anglestheretoy and being provided with a recess, m', in which fit the ends of twoparallel guide-bars,-N, be-

tween which the woven fabric in one piece passes just previous to itsbeing cut, the ends of the lower bar, N', resting at'the bottom ol' therecess m', while the ends of the upper bar,

N', are raised or lowered therein by screws n in order to vary thedistance between them Afor the purpose f regulating the length ol' thepile of the'fabric.

The construction and operation of thc knife by which the'fabric is cutinto two pieces will now be described. rlhe shaft E carries a bevelwheel, O', which drives a bevellpinion, 1?',1on one extremity of ashaft, Q', which .runs in bearings 12, attached to the inside oftheframework; The other extremity of the shaft is provided with a crank,o', to which is secured oneeud of a connecting-rod, R', theiother end ofwhich is fastened to a pin, 1?', projecting from the side of a longupright lever, Sl The lower end of this lever is pivotcd to a shaft,vg', which rests in bearings in standardsI T and carries al fast andloose pulley, r s'. The upper end of the lever S' is provided with ashaft, f',which carries two pulleys, Y W', over the former of which andthe pulley r runsa belt, X'.

Y is a connectingro'd, one end of,which fils 1 loosely on the shaft t',thel other end of thccojmccting-rod being secured to the knife.

AStock or .holdcrqZQ -the bottom `of which is el' vided with abevel-wheel, le', which engages the form seen in Fig. 2, and fits indovetailed ways Ylli, screwed to the breast-beam L.

n is a short shaft, Figs. 5 and 6, the ends of which rest in bearingse', screwed to the knifeholder Z', 'one of the ends of the shaft uprojecting beyond its bearing' r', and being pro.

with. a bevel-wheel, 17, on the upper end ot' a Stud, l8,vrising fromthe center of a circular knife, iv', to which is imparted n rotaryinotion by a bell, lll, passing over thc pulley W and over a. drum, 2l),formed on the shaft u.

2l are metal bills or guard-lingers, (see Fig. 7,) which are slot-lcdont to inclosc a portion of the blade of the knife, and serve to layhold of and conduct the tuft-yarn to theI points 22, where it issevered, the knife revolving in the direction of the arrow 23, and also,by the connections above described, travclingtransvcrso ly back andforth, so as to ont the. fabric each way." llhen the knife moves in thedirection of the arrow, the tutt-yarn is pressed by it against the edgesof the bill 2l in a manner similar to the action of a pair ol'shears,.vhere by a clean, even ent is made, whereas when the lrnifcmoves in the direction contrary to the arrow 23 the eut is rough andirregular, owing to the elastic and yielding nat-nre of the yarn, whichrequires to bc pressed against the bill orgnard-iingcr 2l, instead. ofbeing drawn away from it, to make a smooth and finished eut.

in Fig. :3 is shown a knife provided with but one bill or guardfinger2i, the knife eutting in one direction only, end moving back and forthwith a much velocity than. the feed of the fabric thereto.

To the knileholder Z is secured et 2i one endl of a strip of metal,`5,to the other end of which are attached two flat springs, 2G, carryingplates 27, provided with stones 2S, be' tween and in contact with whichthe, knife runs when revolving, by which construction the knife may besharpened without the delay occasioned byts removal, and when properlysharpened the stones may be readily turned to one sido by swinging backthe niet-al strip After the fabriehas been split bythe knife into twopieces, they are wound or taken up by means ol' the following mechanism:

To each of the posts .'/3 is pivoted one endof a rod, 29, the. other endof which is flattened, and serves as a pawl which revolves a horizontalratchetfwheel, 30, on thelower end of a vertical shaft, 3l, Figs. l and4, running in bearings 52, and carrying two worm-gears. 33, which engagewith cog-wheelsl on horizontal shafts or cloth-beams 35 36, providedwith pins or projections 37, upon which the pieces of cloth are laid andwound up simultaneously by the vibration of the posts Z. By placing theupper shaftlor cloth-beam, 36, at a sufficient height the ri ght orvelvet sides of the two portions of the fabric are exposed to view afterbeing ont, so that lthey may be readily examined for the purpose ofdetecting any imperpactly placed than that as heretofore construct-.-

ed for this purpose.

l have spoken of the knife w wheniused in the loom for Vdividing thefabric into two pieces which are fterward wound up on their respectivecloth-beams. I do not, however,

confine myself to the use of the knife in this particular position, asthe fabric may-be removed from the loom to be afterward divided bymyrevolving,r knife. lt-will thus be seen that bythe ahove-describedarrangement of two seis of binder-warps, lm, in connection with theheddles 1i, provided with two eyes, n o, and the shuttles D', forthrowing the ill!- ing, a double frbric is woven, which is connectedtogether by the interweaving of the tu ftynrns q, which are alternatelycrossed and interwoven, first with one set of binder-warps and then withthe other, the tutt-yarns runnine; parallel to the bnderwarps.

lt is evident that'fancy-colored carpets or cloths of various patternsmay be woven by a loom4 construct-cd' similarto that above de:

scribed, it being only necessary to employ the ordinary. drop-boxesoperated by tappets for the purpose of changing the color or size of thefilling when required. These drop boxes may be made adjustableindependently ol' each other by means of set-screws or other devices, soas to insure the shuttles being thrown in a line across thecenter oftheshed at all times.

By the employment of ajacquard, Brussels carpeting may also be woven ina loom of this description, and with aslight modification of the harnessit may be employed in the manufacture of seamless bags, hose-pipe, &e.,the

tuft forming yarns for connecting the two por` tions of the fabric beingof course dispensed with.

`'Vhat I claim' as my inventiony and desire to secure oy Letters Patent,is-

i 1. A bill or guardnger, 2l, provided. with a slit or opening formingtwocuttingedges, when employed in connection with a circular revolvingknife-iv', substantially as and for the purpose set forth. V

2. The within-described arrangement and combination of the mechanism foroperating; the .knife w', consisting of the shaft Q', crank o',connecting-rods Band Y', upright leveri", pulleys V W', drum 20, andbevel-wheels 16 and 17', substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l. E. TESCHBMACHER, N. W. SrsAnns.

